Study database
A controlled experiment outside clinical reality. It explains a mechanism; it does not establish an effect in a living body.
HOHorse
The CLIP fragment binds to the same capture antibody as ACTH, while a second related fragment does not, and endogenous CLIP was detected in the plasma of a pony sampled in autumn: the interference is established, its share of the measured rise is not quantified.
HOHorse
In fourteen horses and 132 samples spread across four laboratories, duplicate samples drawn at the same moment differed by about 19 pg/ml on average within one laboratory and by about 26 pg/ml between laboratories, and immediate centrifugation raised the value by 11.6 pg/ml on average.
HOHorse
The published thresholds hold almost exclusively for a single analyser; between two analysers from the same manufacturer the transfer was linear, whereas between manufacturers it was concentration-dependent and therefore possible only through a conversion of its own for each threshold.
HOHorse
Direct force measurement in seven ridden Thoroughbreds at gallop: the peak vertical force reached 14.0 newtons per kilogram on the non-leading foreleg, and the load was split roughly evenly between the forehand and the hindquarters rather than in the often quoted sixty-to-forty ratio.
HOHorse
In eight healthy horses standing quietly, imaging showed areas of the inner sole and of the lamellae without tracer uptake that resolved with movement; the authors stress expressly that the significance for supporting-limb laminitis in patients remains open.
SPSpecies-independent
Neither mowing nor the tested herbicides lowered the hypoglycin A content of the seedlings within two weeks, after mowing it rose temporarily, grass cut together with the seedlings picked up a small load, and in hay and silage the substance was still detectable after six to eight months.
SPSpecies-independent
The content depends above all on the part of the plant, with seedlings far ahead of seeds, leaves and flower clusters; hypoglycin A was additionally found in several ornamental maples for which no case of disease has been described, and accessibility and palatability were not measured.
SPSpecies-independent
In spring, hypoglycin A was detectable in every sycamore sample, including the flower clusters and the rainwater from moistened seedlings, while Norway maple and field maple remained negative; this is a pilot study in a single area, with no examination of horses.
SPSpecies-independent
A method validated at the German federal risk assessment institute lowered the limit of quantification for hypoglycin A by roughly thirty-fold and detected two dipeptides in sycamore and box elder for the first time since 1973, whose significance for the animal remains open.
HUHuman
Carbon-14 measurements in 28 Achilles tendons and 4 muscle samples showed that the tendon core is essentially formed in roughly the first 17 years of life and barely renewed thereafter, while muscle turns over continuously.
HOHorse
Despite a higher cell density, the energy-storing flexor tendon showed lower collagen messenger RNA, lower degradation markers and higher tissue fluorescence than the positional tendon, which points to slower matrix remodelling.
HOHorse
The interfascicular matrix of the energy-storing tendon behaved more elastically than that of the positional tendon, and became stiffer and less resistant to repeated loading with advancing age.
HOHorse
Elastin is concentrated in the interfascicular matrix of energy-storing equine tendons; quantity and order decline with age, which is consistent with the raised injury risk of old energy-storing tendons.
HOHorse
Normal equine tendon tissue consisted almost entirely of type I collagen; the scar tissue after partial rupture additionally contained 20 to 30 per cent type III, which implies lower tensile strength of the scar.
RORodent
Isolated tendon fascicles lost elastic modulus from two per cent strain onwards, structural collagen damage appeared from six per cent, and the tendon core repaired that damage barely at all over several days.
HOHorse
In excised superficial digital flexor tendons from young and old horses, enzymatic degradation of elastin specifically lowered the viscoelasticity, fatigue resistance and recovery capacity of the interfascicular matrix, without measurably changing the mechanics of the fascicles.
HOHorse
Typing of 670 isolates from 19 countries documents national and international transmission events that keep the organism in circulation worldwide; the often quoted figure of around 10 per cent persistently infected guttural pouches comes from the introductory literature reference, not from a measurement in this work.
HOHorse
Neither accessory genetic material, nor chemical marking of the hereditary substance, nor gene activity separated isolates from acutely ill horses from isolates of silent carriers, not even in the same animal over time; the authors conclude from this that properties of the host rather than of the bacterium are likely to explain carriage.
HOHorse
Experimental model without an untreated control group, each animal serving as its own baseline: after a chemically induced, non-infectious joint inflammation in 24 horses, serum amyloid A rose to about 227 times baseline (peak 36 to 48 hours) and haptoglobin to about 1.1 times baseline, while fibrinogen rose on average by about 90 per cent above baseline; all markers were back to normal on day 15, so a rise does not prove an infection.
RORodent
In the mouse peritonitis model, a repeated, very low-dose mixture of five resolution mediators shortened the resolution interval by more than 70 per cent and speeded up the clearance of recruited immune cells; a purely rodent finding with no clinical endpoints.
SPSpecies-independent
High-temperature steaming lowered the viable microbial load most, without reducing species diversity, while soaking reduced diversity and raised the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria.
SPSpecies-independent
Steaming lowered the estimated precaecal digestibility of crude protein from 56% to 35% and that of lysine by more than half, but remains suitable for asthmatic horses because of the microbial reduction, provided the ration is adjusted.
SPSpecies-independent
In four pasture grasses, chromatography gave 83 to 299 grams of fructan per kilogram of dry matter (mean 154) and the cheap colorimetric method only 5 to 238 on the same samples (mean 82): it underestimates the content and cannot replace chromatography.
HOHorse
Soaking removed on average 27 per cent of the water-soluble carbohydrates with a range of 6 to 54 per cent, yet seven hays still lay above the limit of 100 grams per kilogram of dry matter proposed as an upper bound, while crude protein did not change meaningfully.
HOHorse
Water temperature and agitation, and not duration alone, determined how much was removed: after sixteen hours, 28 per cent of the water-soluble carbohydrates were missing at 8 degrees against 49 per cent at 16 degrees with agitation and rinsing, with fructans resisting far more strongly than sucrose and glucose.
HOHorse
Fifteen minutes already lowered almost every nutrient measured to a marked degree and longer soaking removed no more, yet those same fifteen minutes cost 5 to 15 per cent of the metabolisable energy and 35 per cent of the protein calculated as digestible before the large intestine, amino acids included.
HOHorse
Leaching and bacterial growth ran inconsistently and unpredictably and were unrelated to one another: the mean losses came to 18, 38 and 42 per cent after an hour and a half, nine hours and sixteen hours, with the spread at the longer times as large as the mean itself.
HOHorse
Nine hours of soaking lowered the water-soluble carbohydrates from 126 to between 79 and 83 grams per kilogram of dry matter but multiplied the bacterial count roughly sixfold, while steaming lowered the microbial load and left the sugar untouched; only the sequence of soaking and then steaming lowered both.
HOHorse
In this model the secondary lamellae were already narrowed and basal cells had died after six hours, while inflammatory cells and damage to the basement membrane appeared only after 24 to 48 hours and are classified by the authors as later events.
HOHorse
In six spinal columns from post-mortem examination, beam path and geometric distortion altered the measured width of the spaces, and in backs classified as kissing spines the radiographic measurement was clearly narrower than on the sagittal cross-sectional reconstruction.
HOHorse
Development work on a serological test that selects an antigen combination and takes as its starting point that egg counts do not relate to the worm burden; the figures of up to 90 per cent encysted larvae and of several million larvae in individual animals are taken from earlier work.
HOHorse
Against samples with known egg counts from 5 to 1,000 eggs per gram, Mini-FLOTAC reached a mean accuracy of 64.51 per cent, the smartphone system 32.53 per cent and the modified McMaster technique 21.67 per cent, with Mini-FLOTAC significantly more accurate than the other two methods.
HOHorse
On the same 32 dung samples the detection rates were 93 per cent for Mini-FLOTAC, 89 per cent for FLOTAC and 85 per cent for McMaster with no secure difference, while McMaster of all methods reported significantly higher egg output and agreement between the techniques was substantial rather than complete.
HOHorse
Digesta from the caecum, the ventral and dorsal colon and the rectum of eight Warmbloods differed significantly in total fatty acids, butyrate, pH and ammonia; using rectal contents as the inoculum overestimates forage digestibility.
HUHuman
Across more than 5,000 human samples from four body sites, the functional profiles predicted from 16S data deviated systematically from genome sequencing; only calibration with a few parallel sample pairs offset the deviation.
HOHorse
Markers of neutrophil extracellular traps could be detected in the vitreous humour of diseased horses and went along partly with the severity of the ocular changes and partly with the detection of leptospires, and the vitreous humour of diseased animals acted toxically on cells of the retinal pigment epithelium; these are associations from surgical samples and cell cultures, without a sequence in time in the living animal.
HOHorse
Metrological work on the development of a tension gauge: for the same gauge settings the normal force on the bridge of the nose ranged from 7 to 95 newtons, but laterally only from 1 to 28 newtons, showing that an identical setting means very different forces depending on where it is measured.
HOHorse
On a single cadaver head the pressures jumped below the equivalent of 1.4 fingers, reaching 403 kilopascals at the nasal bone, which is why the authors expressly wish to retain the inherited two-finger rule.
HOHorse
Across 27 sarcoids and five skin samples, the number of viral copies did not differ between the six clinical subtypes and was higher in horses with fewer tumours; individual viral genes and inflammatory messengers did differ, and the authors describe the sarcoid as a skin tumour that does not metastasise.
MUMultiple species
In 420 stable flies the viral load rose after contact with sarcoid or bovine papilloma tissue, stayed higher and detectable for longer after cattle tissue, and fell back to the starting level within a few days; transmission to a horse was not tested.
MUMultiple species
The T cell response of vaccinated horses is directed against the viral carrier and not against the body's own interleukin, antibody levels are reversible, and the mere presence of the animal's own signalling molecule does not restart antibody production; beyond the third vaccination season, six horses were followed.
HOHorse
The number of eosinophil cells falls in the first vaccination year already, but only after two vaccination years does the remaining population shift from an inflammatory to a resting appearance of the kind healthy horses show.
MUMultiple species
In mouse and horse the vaccination lowers allergen-specific class E antibodies and dampens several signalling molecules in diseased skin; the only clinically measured endpoint was recorded in the mouse alone, and preventive use is expressly framed only as a hypothesis.
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