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Evidence Lab.

How knowledge is built, and how to tell what a study actually shows.

Four translucent rippling planes stacked into a pyramid, linked by vertical threads and points of light, on a night-green background.

Evidence Lab

Understanding evidence levels: what each study design shows and what it does not

Evidence levels grade confidence, not truth: what randomised, observational and animal studies support, how GRADE rates them and where the pyramid bre

MUMultiple speciesBmoderateT0not transferable Open access

Long row of upright glass plates on a dark floor, cool teal light from the upper left, and a separate pair of plates standing apart at right.

Evidence Lab

Animal studies and human studies: what really transfers

Only about 5 per cent of therapies tested in animals ever obtain approval. What animal studies say about humans and horses, and what they do not.

MUMultiple speciesBmoderateT1hypothesis only Open access

Evidence Lab.

Understanding evidence levels: what each study design shows and what it does not

Animal studies and human studies: what really transfers

The evidence letter