Study database
Compares against a control group without randomisation. The comparison stays open to systematic differences between groups.
HOHorse
In the model of an enforced offloading posture the observed foreleg carried a median of 38.7 instead of 27.3 per cent of body weight, and signs of oxygen shortage in the lamellar tissue rose only there: the authors read the reduced perfusion as a consequence of the raised mechanical load.
HOHorse
Restricted freedom of movement without any added load already led to cell death in the lamellar tissue (45 against 4 per lamella), which is why the authors name preserving movement, and not load reduction alone, as a possible protective strategy.
HOHorse
In a crossover comparison in nine evaluable horses, clinical signs and inflammation improved on both forages with no statistical difference between them, while the fall in airway resistance was more pronounced and more sustained on alfalfa pellets than on steamed hay.
HOHorse
Over four weeks, steamed hay prevented neither the rise in airway resistance nor that in the neutrophils, and in this it did not differ from dry hay.
HOHorse
Steaming eliminated typical moulds completely, soaking did not; stored soaked hay showed rising microbial counts again within hours, and both treated hays were taken up more slowly.
HOHorse
Over twelve months, airway smooth muscle fell by around 30% on allergen avoidance as well as on inhaled corticosteroid; inflammation was better controlled on allergen avoidance, function restored faster on the corticosteroid.
HOHorse
Soaking the hay before feeding markedly lowered the mean concentration of respirable dust in the horse's breathing zone, with no additional gain from very long soaking; switching one stable from straw and hay to shavings and haylage also lowered exposure in the neighbouring stall sharing the same air space.
HOHorse
In 21 ponies that were not overweight, a compensated insulin resistance could be made visible in the laminitis-prone animals, whose insulin rose to 5.5 times its value after three grams of inulin per kilogram per day were fed, while the change from pasture to hay lowered it.
HOHorse
Founding paper of the fructan model: all twelve horses treated with oligofructose developed clinical and histological laminitis and none of the six comparison animals did, and the link to the fructan content of pastures is a conclusion of the authors, not a measured result.
HOHorse
Traceable origin of the figure of 7.5 grams per kilogram: three pairs of horses received 7.5, 10 and 12.5 grams of oligofructose per kilogram once by nasogastric tube, all became laminitic after 48 hours, and the loss of anchoring structures increased with the dose.
HOHorse
In the stomach contents of 23 horses the fructan concentration was reduced by 84 per cent in grazing horses and by 54 per cent in hay-fed horses, above all in the non-glandular part of the stomach, while this breakdown was absent on a high-starch ration.
HOHorse
Seven days at around 42 per cent non-structural carbohydrates raised none of the pro-inflammatory messengers measured in the hoof lamellae of twelve of 22 ponies and led to no migration of white blood cells, so the lamellar inflammation of the sepsis models may not be central to pasture laminitis.
HOHorse
Soaking washed out so much dry matter and nutrient that instead of the planned 1.25 per cent of body weight only around 1 per cent arrived, corresponding to 64 per cent of the maintenance requirement and to a restriction 23.5 per cent sharper than intended.
HOHorse
Thirty minutes of soaking lowered soluble protein, non-structural carbohydrates and potassium, yet the acute glucose response of the healthy Standardbred racehorses changed neither through soaking nor through steaming, and the horses ate less of the soaked hay.
HOHorse
In the breathing zone of ten horses, soaked hay lowered particulate exposure by more than half, in the first twenty minutes from 160 to 53 micrograms per cubic metre for the finest particles, with the authors themselves recording that no health outcome was collected.
HOHorse
Hay soaked for forty-five minutes, with dried-out hay removed between meals, kept airway obstruction under control in ten horses with severe asthma, but the authors themselves regard this strict routine as too laborious for many owners and keepers.
HOHorse
Steaming lowered the water-soluble carbohydrates by 13 per cent only in the mouldier of the two hays and not at all in the barely mouldy one, but it reduced moulds by at least 91 per cent in both and tripled intake of the barely mouldy hay.
HOHorse
After a starch overload, hoof temperature was between the twelfth and the thirty-second hour the only measurement separating horses that later fell ill from the rest, recorded however continuously in a climate chamber cooled to ten degrees.
HOHorse
In 22 crib-biting and 21 non-crib-biting horses, heart rate and variability did not differ, salivary cortisol was on average higher in the crib-biters, and only those crib-biters that did not crib-bite during the test showed clearly higher values than the comparison horses: the authors read crib-biting as a coping strategy.
HOHorse
In four learning tasks including two reversal tasks, crib-biting and non-crib-biting horses needed as many trials to reach the learning criterion and showed the same circulatory responses, the horses having deliberately not been prevented from crib-biting.
HOHorse
In a complete crossover trial in eight healthy horses a clay mineral product changed none of the faecal measures recorded, and the authors themselves stress that these animals had no digestive disturbance and that trials in genuinely affected horses are needed.
HOHorse
In six trained trotters without free faecal water an early-cut basic forage raised the water-holding capacity of the droppings and shifted water excretion from the droppings to the urine, without altering total water intake or body weight.
HOHorse
In 63 sport horses carrying a glandular lesion, healing of the lesions was associated with the disappearance of the clinical signs, and declining performance was, at 65.1 per cent overall, the most common presenting sign; the clinical data came, however, from owners who knew the treatment received.
HUHuman
The absorbed fraction fell from 65 to 11 per cent as the single dose increased; on calculation, uptake comprised a saturable component plus around seven per cent of constant absorption, and magnesium from almonds was as available as from magnesium acetate, whereas enteric-coated capsules were markedly worse.
HOHorse
Early balance study on magnesium metabolism in the horse; the paper is indexed without an abstract, and its keywords name the small intestine, intestinal absorption and nutrient requirements. It is cited in the specialist literature as an early basis for later requirement estimates.
HOHorse
A one-hour endotoxin infusion in twelve mares lowered ionised magnesium from 0.53 to 0.43 millimoles per litre and the fraction excreted in the urine from around 37 to 12 per cent: inflammation alone therefore changes the blood value.
HOHorse
In seven horses, a deliberate depletion (ionised calcium 0.48 and magnesium 0.44 millimoles per litre) produced fibrillation potentials and neuromyotonia in every muscle examined, although none of the animals showed clinical signs.
HOHorse
A single intravenous dose in twelve healthy mares raised ionised magnesium 3.7-fold within five minutes, temporarily lowered ionised calcium and altered parathyroid hormone and calcitonin; the paper refers explicitly to its use as a calming agent in competition.
HOHorse
In five healthy, standing and unsedated horses, a magnesium infusion slightly changed heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate but left the thresholds for heat, pressure and electrical stimuli unchanged.
HOHorse
In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 19 heavily feathered horses over 180 days, oral mite treatment together with treatment of the environment had no effect on mite counts or clinical signs; only crusts were more frequent in the placebo group.
HOHorse
In five caecally fistulated horses of around 562 kilograms fed 6.81 kilograms of grass hay dry matter daily, hindgut retention time ranged from 22.2 hours for the liquid phase to 26.3 hours for the coarse particulate phase, with no selection by particle size.
HOHorse
In six caecally fistulated horses in a crossover design, total concentrations of volatile fatty acids were higher in the caecum than in the faeces and higher on lucerne than on bluegrass, while diversity was higher in the faeces than in the caecum.
HOHorse
In four caecally fistulated horses given constant amounts of oats and hay, feeding order alone shifted the timing of the lowest caecal pH from 170 to 280 minutes, and gastric emptying with it, while blood glucose and insulin remained unchanged.
HOHorse
In a Latin square with six caecally fistulated horses, six individual feed ingredients supplemented at the same low amount produced no main effect on pH or volatile fatty acids; interactions with the hour after feeding occurred, and caecal pH stayed within the normal range throughout.
HOHorse
In 19 Bardigiano horses of around 14 months over 129 days, the high-starch ration lowered diversity in the caecum, pelvic flexure and right dorsal colon and raised the proportion of starch-degrading genera associated with acidosis.
HOHorse
In twelve horses, fibre-degrading activity fell two days after an abrupt switch to a high-starch ration, while starch-degrading activity rose; the faecal parameters only reached baseline three to four weeks after the return to the fibre ration.
HOHorse
In the laminitis model induced experimentally with oligofructose, faecal pH fell while lactic acid, histamine and lipopolysaccharide rose in the blood; Lactobacillus and Megasphaera increased, and 137 metabolites changed.
HOHorse
In eight dressage horses ridden at trot the pressure at the mandible consistently exceeded that on the bridge of the nose, and the rise on the bridge of the nose became meaningful only below one finger of space, with no difference between two fingers and one and a half; behaviour and physiology were not recorded.
HOHorse
Eight dressage horses took and chewed a reward at all five tightness levels including the closed strap, generating around 100 newtons and more than 40 kilopascals, without any rise in eye temperature or blink rate, which is why the authors see no burden for these markers.
HOHorse
In eight horses the peak pressure rose from around 26 kilopascals at two fingers to around 41 at one finger and around 116 with no space at all, while stride length fell by about 6 and then 11 per cent; neither pain nor welfare was measured.
HOHorse
In 100 horses the lateral measurement with a calliper found no difference between two fingers and one and a half at the nasal and the maxillary site, and the authors expressly propose the lateral point as a complement to, not a replacement for, the measurement on the bridge of the nose.
HOHorse
Substance P proved unusable as a stress marker in the horse; serum cortisol did rise across the four levels but differed only between the loose strap and the combination of tight strap and endoscope, and the authors themselves describe their set-up as a mild stress model.
HOHorse
The Swiss minimum dimensions for the bedded area did not secure undisturbed lying for all members of the group: even at one and a half times the minimum area some individual animals stayed under 30 minutes per 24 hours, and low-ranking horses were forced to get up more often; the study is at the same time the only one in the corpus that traces the 30-minute value back to earlier work.
HOHorse
In ten young riding horses an increase in lying through turnout or company could not be confirmed statistically; all that is secure is that lying time was roughly eleven times higher at night than by day.
HOHorse
Four horses with angular limb deformity lay for about half as long as four comparison animals across two runs, and under a painkiller the difference became meaningless; the authors put this expressly as a possible link with musculoskeletal discomfort.
HOHorse
In a controlled trial in four mares with clinical signs of a storage myopathy, a ration with under five per cent of digestible energy from starch and over twelve per cent from fat went together with lower muscle enzyme values than starch richer rations, with considerable variation between animals; the trial says nothing about the gene test.
HOHorse
After inoculation at ten neck sites, all seven unvaccinated control horses developed pseudo-sarcoids at every site, while 13 of 14 horses vaccinated with virus-like particles stayed clear; cross-protection against type 2 was measurable but incomplete, and vaccination was preventive, in healthy animals.
HOHorse
In the second season all 30 horses received the vaccine, so that no concurrent placebo group remained; 69 per cent of the 13 horses vaccinated for the first time and 88 per cent of the 17 boosted horses halved their lesion score, from which the authors infer a possible annual long-term treatment.
HOHorse
A second vaccine, directed against the itch signalling molecule interleukin 31, lowered the clinical values in 18 horses against the untreated previous season and against horses on a dummy preparation: improvement in this type of protocol is not confined to interleukin 5.
HOHorse
With nine recombinant midge allergens, 67 per cent of the treated horses against 25 per cent of the sham-treated horses in the first year, and 89 against 14 per cent in the second, halved their score; allocation was not random but balanced, and the groups comprised single-digit numbers.
HOHorse
Controlled trial in six horses: mesenchymal stromal cells produced temporarily stronger inflammation and larger lesions between weeks 3 and 6; after 24 weeks there was no clear advantage over serum treatment alone.
RORodent
Experimental test in mouse strains: a design deliberately split across several time points improved reproducibility and the rate of correct findings compared with the conventionally standardised design, though only in around half of the strain comparisons examined.
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