Study database
Describes a run of cases with no comparison group. It generates hypotheses and tests none.
HOHorse
With complete diaphyseal fractures, 3 of 10 adult horses survived against 10 of 11 foals, and the authors name age, a body weight above 320 kilograms, unstable fixation and infection as the decisive quantities behind failure.
HOHorse
In 26 racehorses the double arthrodesis prevented every subluxation of the pastern joint, yet 76.9 per cent had short-term complications and only half were usable at pasture without painkillers beyond six months; supporting-limb laminitis is among the complications named.
HOHorse
Spring seedlings, and not only autumn samaras, contained hypoglycin A, and one clinically healthy horse lay above the mean of the affected animals in blood: detection in the blood documents an intake, not an impending illness.
HOHorse
Of 189 reported British cases with a known outcome, 38.6 per cent survived; in the joint analysis only recumbency remained as an unfavourable sign, and the administration of vitamins went together with better survival on a purely observational basis.
HOHorse
In tissue samples from five horses that had died, the activation of the plant toxins took place above all in the skeletal muscle, where the active breakdown products accumulated strongly, while a large part of the hypoglycin A remained unchanged in the organs.
HOHorse
On a holding with around 1,500 horses, carriage lasted seven to thirty-nine months in four clinically healthy convalescents and in two of 350 purchased ponies; a single sample found 45 per cent of the carriers on the swab against 88 per cent on the endoscopic guttural pouch lavage. Founding work of the field, and cited for that reason despite its age.
HOHorse
Of 14 carriers without symptoms from three outbreaks, 13 carried the organism in the guttural pouch, and 14 of 15 carriers under care were cleared without surgery, a third only after a second attempt; without a comparison group the series shows feasibility alone, not the superiority of any approach.
HOHorse
In six healthy horses, twice-daily intramuscular injections of procaine penicillin G over five days lifted creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and fibrinogen above baseline; serum amyloid A was above it on one single measurement day only, and haptoglobin did not change. The authors warn against misinterpretation, but themselves point to the very small animal numbers and the missing control group.
HOHorse
In seven horses with diagnosed contact, flexion induced by hand widened the space at every level from the fifth to the eighteenth thoracic vertebra, by a median of 0.7 to 3.1 millimetres, which according to the authors can change the grade assigned and the decision that follows from it.
HOHorse
Of 56 operated horses followed up, 51 returned to some level of performance and 27 of 51 to their previous level or a higher one, with neither the number of affected spaces nor the radiographic or scintigraphic grade influencing that return.
HOHorse
Of 66 horses with long-term follow-up, 53 returned to their intended work with no residual clinical signs, the difference lying not in the severity of the back finding but in whether another orthopaedic problem was present before surgery (28 of 30 against 25 of 36).
HOHorse
Of 2,602 out-of-hours cases at two British practices, 35 per cent were colic, 20 per cent wounds and 11 per cent lameness, and 13 per cent of all cases ended in euthanasia.
HOHorse
Of the 90 horses followed up among the 119 operated on, 76, or 84.4 per cent, had not crib-bitten for over a year, 14 began again after six months at the median, crib-biting present for more than three years predicted failure, and 22.2 per cent had complications; welfare and colic risk were not recorded.
HOHorse
In a series of three individual cases a horse with free faecal water improved after a change of hay, and the authors state explicitly that the cause of the syndrome remains unknown and that hay quality merely appears to play a part.
HOHorse
Of 37 horses presented for girth sensitivity, 12 had a gastric ulceration, 10 an orthopaedic problem, 3 a poorly fitting saddle, 1 a tumour of the reproductive tract and 10 other conditions; the authors hold that the exact cause of girth sensitivity remains hard to establish.
HOHorse
Five horses at a Finnish stable were positive for Corynebacterium diphtheriae or Corynebacterium ulcerans, two isolates produced toxin; the source of infection was never found despite tracing, all human contacts tested remained negative and all the horses recovered.
HOHorse
In 20 horses with inflammation of the blood vessels of the pastern no underlying cause could be determined and no histological feature could be assigned to a particular clinical picture; the response to treatment was poor and the prognosis guarded.
HOHorse
In the only Swiss data set, 28 of 65 blood samples and 31 of 65 aqueous humour samples from diseased horses were antibody positive, most often against the serovars Grippotyphosa, Pomona and Bratislava; it is a retrospective case series from a single centre without a healthy comparison group.
HOHorse
Polysomnography in ten foals for 48 hours each in their own stable: the waveform of foals differs from the one published for adult horses, and no sleep requirement and no lying threshold are derived from it.
HOHorse
In five neurologically unremarkable horses, drowsiness and REM sleep were barely separable in the brain-wave signal, whereas deep sleep stood out clearly; one animal showed REM sleep while standing, though accompanied by numerous partial collapses.
HOHorse
In eleven horses a first-night effect was detectable in electrical brain activity, most clearly over the back of the head, while behavioural observation did not pick it up: lying minutes underestimate the disturbance of sleep in unfamiliar surroundings.
HOHorse
In three Lipizzaner half-sisters a familial narcolepsy was assumed clinically and through a drug test, although hypocretin in the cerebrospinal fluid was normal: the equine form therefore does not correspond to hypocretin-related human type 1 narcolepsy.
HOHorse
Two case reports attributing striking sleepiness to a lack of sleep while lying down rather than to narcolepsy; since no abstract is indexed, the work carries this distinction alone and no figures.
OTOther animal species
Two free-roaming elephant cows slept roughly two hours a day, lay down only every third or fourth day and showed no recovery sleep after up to 46 hours without sleep: an ecological counterexample, not a model for the horse.
HOHorse
In 91 horses with pain in the small hock joints confirmed by intra-articular anaesthesia, there was no relation between the severity of the radiographic changes and the degree or duration of the lameness; the authors recall that healthy horses also show such signs and treat the anaesthesia as the diagnostic yardstick.
HOHorse
In 120 Swedish horses the recurrence rate after the first attempt at treatment was around 35 per cent, mostly within four months, with a mean age of the affected animals of a good five years; a third of the untreated horses were described as free of sarcoids, and certain leucocyte antigens went with early onset or more frequent recurrence.
HOHorse
In an open study of 25 horses, 84.4 and 75.0 per cent of the topically treated tumours regressed completely, with recurrence rates of 7.3 and 21.4 per cent; of 107 tumours left untreated, only 1.9 per cent regressed over an average of 34 months of observation.
HOHorse
In 230 animals with 614 sarcoids, overall success was 74.9 per cent and 86.8 per cent for electrosurgical removal, while multiple tumours failed more often; because the choice of procedure depended on the lesion, the treatments are not comparable with one another according to the authors.
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