Study database
Compares affected and unaffected individuals retrospectively. Useful for rare events, sensitive to recall error.
HUHuman
In 25 tendinopathic versus 10 healthy Achilles tendons, a substantial share of the collagen had been renewed in adulthood; the modelling points to years of raised turnover before symptom onset.
HOHorse
Crib-biting, increasing hours stabled, a recent change to the exercise programme, no ivermectin or moxidectin treatment in the previous year and transport in the last 24 hours were associated with simple colonic obstruction, most strongly permanent stabling, crib-biting and transport.
HOHorse
Among 109 cases and 310 comparison horses, crib-biting was by far the strongest factor for entrapment in the epiploic foramen, followed by a colic in the previous year and greater height, although the estimates carry wide ranges of uncertainty.
HOHorse
The British parallel study with 77 cases and 216 comparison horses confirmed crib-biting as the strongest factor and additionally found a colic in the previous year, more time stabled in the preceding 28 days and greater height to raise the risk.
HOHorse
Among 55 cases and 167 comparison horses, age, certain breeds, a previous bout of laminitis and more time stabled in the four weeks beforehand raised the risk of strangulation by a pedunculated lipoma, while weight management went with it less often.
HOHorse
With 67 horses in each group, detection of tapeworm eggs in the droppings went with an around sixteen-fold higher odds of colic, while no association could be shown using antibody testing in blood.
HOHorse
In 620 mostly adult hospital horses there was no relationship between tapeworm or large strongyle antibodies and colic status; horses wormed in the preceding week did, however, have an around 2.4-fold higher odds of colic signs than horses treated at least eight weeks earlier.
HOHorse
In 78 surgically confirmed ileal impactions against 100 other colic cases, feeding coastal Bermuda hay and the absence of pyrantel treatment within three months were each associated with an around three-fold raised risk.
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